Most modern means of electricity production involve creating heat in some way, then using that heat to boil water, creating steam. That steam is then used to turn a turbine, which generates electricity.

runtime: 88 minutes

“Surplus value” sounds like “profit” to me. Take your employer’s annual profits, divide by the number of total employees to get profit per employee. Divide that by your hourly wage and you have your answer.

Surplus value = v Annual profits = p Employer’s total employees = e Your hourly wage = w

v = p / e / w

So, if Amazon made $9.1 billion in profit in 2025 and had 1,578,000 employees, and you worked full time all year in the USA at an entry-level position at the average of $33K/year or $15.87/hour, that’s:

v = 9,100,000,000 / 1,578,000 / 15.87 v = 5776.79 / 15.87 v = 363.37 hours per year

Or roughly 1.4 hours (an hour and 24 minutes) per day at 260 days/year or 5 days x 52 weeks per year.

They have bunkers, they have stockpiles of food and medicine, and they have staff to maintain it all. They fully believe they have the means and resources to insulate themselves from all consequences.